Isosulfan blue: usual dose is 0.5 mL subcutaneously into 3 interdigital spaces of each extremity per study (maximum 3 mL). It is given in a dose of 1-2 mg/kg (up to a total of 50 mg in adults, adolescents, and older . Methylene blue (antidote), alone or in combination with oxygen is indicated as a treatment in nitrite induced methemoglobinemia. This medicine may be used for other purposes; ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions. Thus, methylene blue exhibits several synergistic modes of actions which enable the dose-limiting neurotoxicity of alkylating chemotherapy with ifosfamide in cancer . Methylene blue. (2018) Methylene Blue Counteracts H2S-Induced Cardiac Ion Channel Dysfunction and ATP Reduction. Methylene blue has been in medicinal use for centuries and is best known as an antidotal treatment for acquired methemoglobinemia (MetHB). The case presented demonstrates the success of methylene blue as a treatment modality for CCB overdose resulting in ARDS and recalcitrant hypotension. [4] [2] Specifically, it is used to treat methemoglobin levels that are greater than 30% or in which there are symptoms despite oxygen therapy. There are dozens of different antidotes; however, some may only counteract one particular drug, whereas others (such as charcoal) may help reduce the toxicity of numerous drugs. Acetylcysteine: supplies the precursor amino acids for glutathione, which serves as biologic antioxidant against acetaminophen toxicity. With only a few adverse side effects (including green-tinged discoloration of urine, saliva, tears, and bodily fluids), methylene blue should be further explored and implemented in the treatment . The action of methylene blue on cyanide and carbon monoxide has been known a long time in theoretical biology, but I was first to suggest that it be used as an antidote for cyanide and carbon monoxide poison cases, as a result of some studies which I made on animals under a grant from the medical school here, and as a result of extensive . Methylene Blue: Cognitive Enhancer. There is an antidote (IV methylene blue) which needs to be administered promptly. Lymph node and vessels delineation. In this way, though stores of NADH are exhausted, NADPH functions as a reducing agent. In case of contact, affected eyes and skin should be flushed with water for 15-20 min. Cardiovasc Toxicol 18:407-419 . This is a condition in which the blood loses its ability to carry oxygen through the body. The antidote currently recommended for severe methemoglobinemia is methylene blue. For severe methemoglobinemia, or when the patient responds poorly to methylene blue therapy, alternate treatment options include exchange transfusion and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. 3H2O used especially as a biological stain, an antidote in cyanide poisoning, and an oxidation-reduction indicator. It oxidizes NADPH, forming the reduced product leukometh-ylene blue. All reports with methylene blue that provided information on the route of administration involved intravenous administration in the dose range of 1 mg/kg to 8 mg/kg. At room temperature it appears as a solid, odorless, dark green powder, that yields a blue solution when dissolved in water. In the research paper, Methlylene Blue as an Antidote for Cyanide Poisoning written by P.J. JAMA 100, 59 (1933). Glucose-6-phospate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is essential for the generation of NADPH and is thus essential for the function of methylene blue as an antidote. Biologists often add a drop or two of methylene blue to bacteria on a glass slide before placing the slide under the microscope. Cheung, Joseph Y; Wang, JuFang; Zhang, Xue-Qian et al. Methylene blue is reduced via methemoglobin reductase and nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) to leukomethylene blue, which in turn reduces methemoglobin. Methylene blue injection 1%: 0.1 to 0.2 mL/kg IV very slowly over a period of several minutes; may repeat in one hour if necessary. Its use covers many areas, including as an antiseptic, disinfectant, and cyanide-antidote. Too much serotonin is a potentially life-threatening situation. Acquired Methemoglobinemia: Methylene blue injection 0.5% [Provayblue (TM)]: 1 mg/kg IV over 5 to 30 minutes; if the methemoglobin level remains greater than 30% or if symptoms persist, a repeat dose of 1 mg/kg IV . Methylene blue is a relatively old antidote, first used to treat aniline-induced methemoglobinemia in 1933. An antidote is a drug, chelating substance, or a chemical that counteracts (neutralizes) the effects of another drug or a poison. methylene blue (1-2mg/kg over 5 minutes) provides an artificial electron acceptor to facilitate the reduction of MetHb via the NADPH-dependent pathway; give if: — symptomatic — consider if asymptomatic with >20% MetHb, or >10% if risk factors such as anaemia or ischemic heart disease; repeat methylene blue at 30-60 min if inadequate response Yes, I take an anti-malarial to help improve my memory. Its use covers many areas, including as an antiseptic, disinfectant, and cyanide-antidote. MB is a basic dye, yielding a blue solution. Let me explain. Methylene blue is indicated as the first-line antidote therapy for patients with severe methemoglobinemia. Methylene blue is reported to be incompatible with caustic alkalis, iodides and dichromates, and oxidising and reducing substances. Dosing is 1-2 mg/kg of methylene blue administered intravenously over 5 minutes. Methylene Blue (MB) was first formulated in 1876 and it was the first synthetic drug to be used in humans. This antidote may be found by the trade name Urolene Blue or by the generic name methylene blue. After a biospy, methylene blue is used to stain tissue specimens for better viewing under a microscope. [2] It has previously been used for cyanide poisoning and urinary tract infections, but this use is no . This substance is an aromatic compound that comes as a dark green powder; it turns a deep blue when in aqueous solution. Methylene blue definition, a dark-green, crystalline compound, C16H18ClN3S, that dissolves in water to form a deep-blue solution: used chiefly as a dye, as a bacteriological and biological stain, and as an antidote for cyanide poisoning. The blue color that stains the bacteria helps biologists see their shapes. It was originally used as a dye for cotton straining, and is still used as a dye in laboratory settings. Thus, methylene blue exhibits several synergistic modes of actions which enable the dose-limiting neurotoxicity of alkylating chemotherapy with ifosfamide in cancer patients to be overcome. Though an initial drop in pulse oximeter reading (due to the blue color of the antidote) is expected, cyanosis and methemoglobinemia should improve over the following hour. 3H2O, consisting of dark green crystals that form a deep blue solution when dissolved in water. methylene blue - a dark green dye used as a stain, an antiseptic, a chemical indicator, and an antidote in cyanide poisoning methylthionine chloride thiazine - a compound made up of a ring of four carbon atoms and one sulfur atom and one nitrogen atom In the human body, hemoglobin is the oxygen-carrying protein including a ferrous atom. In the human body, hemoglobin is the oxygen-carrying protein including a ferrous atom. Before using methylene blue Methylene blue was first isolated in 1876. This recommendation came after a number of animal studies she conducted using methylene blue against the toxicity of cyanide and carbon monoxide. Methylene Blue is an aquarium-safe disinfectant and can also be used for . In this case study, a single administration of methylene blue resolved significant amyl nitrate intoxication and critical methemoglobinemia. Methylene blue was first identified in 1876 by Heinrich Caro, a German chemist. Methylene blue should not be confused . Draize, J. H. Sodium tetrathionate and methylene blue in cyanide . Look no further than the wonder-drug methylene blue - a medicinal blue dye that acts as an antidote for chemical poisoning and overdose. Methylene Blue (also known as methylthioninium chloride) is a cationic dye, redox indicator, and photosensitizer. It is recommended that patients with methemoglobin levels >30%, high risk factors such as anemia, or symptoms at any level should be treated using methylene blue at a dose of 1-2 mg/kg body weight intravenously over 5 min. Methylene blue is also an antimicrobial agent in plastic materials such as food packaging wraps, surgical drapes, face masks, and other film materials. The inhibition by methylene blue of multiple amine oxidase activities also prevents formation of the neurotoxic chloroacetaldehyde from ifosfamide-derived chloroethyl amine. Yet many clinicians still do not fully understand how it works, or, for that matter, why it sometimes doesn't. Despite its long use, methylene blue has important adverse drug interactions that only recently came to light. Thiocyanate toxicity. Methylene Blue is anti-aging Research shows that Methylene Blue is an effective anti-aging nootropic. This may be used as an alternative to methylene blue. Methylene blue is a medication used in the management and treatment of methemoglobinemia, a condition in which hemoglobin decreases its ability to carry oxygen. Available data from case reports indicate that methylene blue is an option in the treatment of ifosfamide-induced encephalopathy, especially in patients with severe symptoms of toxicity. sumatriptan oral and methylene blue (antidote) iv. It has since been used in many applications, from an antidepressant, to a cure for cyanide poisoning, to a titration indicator in a laboratory. Methylene blue is also an antimicrobial agent in plastic materials such as food packaging wraps, surgical drapes, face masks, and other film materials. Example: Methylene blue: In nitrite poisoning, methylene blue interact with reduced NADPH to reduce the ferric iron of methemoglobin back to ferrous ion in hemoglobin, which can again transport oxygen Acetylcysteine : Acetylcysteine supplies the precursor amino acids for glutathione, which serves as biologic antioxidant against acetaminophen . Methylene blue as an antidote against hydrogen sulfide intoxication Haouzi, Philippe A. methylene blue: [ meth´ĭ-lēn ] a synthetic organic compound, in dark green crystals or lustrous crystalline powder, used in treatment of methemoglobinemia, as a stain in pathology and bacteriology, and as a diagnostic aid in the detection of the premature rupture of fetal membranes. Article Google Scholar 72. Example: Methylene blue: In nitrite poisoning, methylene blue interact with reduced NADPH to reduce the ferric iron of methemoglobin back to ferrous ion in hemoglobin, which can again transport oxygen. However, the lack of controlled clinical trials and the possibility of spontaneous resolution of encephalopathy make the usefulness of methylene blue unclear. Dissolve 150 mg of methylthionine chloride (methylene blue chloride, Sigma) in 1 litre of water. Methemoglobinemia from excessive doses of sodium nitroprusside or sodium nitrate can be treated with methylene blue (1-2 mg/kg of a 1% solution over 5 min), which reduces methemoglobin to hemoglobin. MB increases mitochondrial complex IV by 30%, enhances cellular oxygen consumption by 37-70%, increases heme synthesis, and reverses premature senescence caused by H 2 O 2 or cadmium. Methylene blue (NADPH-dependent reduction to . It's inexpensive, easily obtainable, remarkably safe, and it . It was first used for cyanide poisoning during the 1930s and was employed during the mid-20th century to treat carbon monoxide exposure. Researchers at University of Maryland published on 12/10/2015 regarding methylene blue: Safe, Inexpensive Chemical Found to Reverse Symptoms of Progeria in Human Cells You could look at participating in future trials -- or correspond with rese. Answer: Maybe not as completely crazy as it sounds. This activity reviews the indications, action, adverse effects, and contraindications for methylene blue as a valuable agent in the therapy of methemoglobinemia, vasoplegic syndrome . {R-6} Human data—An average of 74% of the administered dose of methylene blue is eliminated in the urine; 78% of this is in the reduced leucomethylene blue form. [4] As a medication, it is mainly used to treat methemoglobinemia. Methylene blue, also known as methylthioninium chloride, is a medication and dye. Methylene blue is a commonly used stain that helps us see microscopic life in brilliant color. MeSH terms Administration, Oral Animals Antidotes / pharmacology* This condition occurs when the blood cannot deliver oxygen where it is needed in the body. Methylene blue is to be given only by or under the supervision of a doctor. 22 mg in 100 ml of water. Methylene Blue An Antidote for Methemoglobinemia and Beyond Renita S. Pushparajah Mak, MD* and Erica L. Liebelt, MD*† Abstract: Methylene blue has been in medicinal use for centuries and is best known as an antidotal treatment for acquired methemoglobinemia This paper presents evidence that aniline (the toxin) and methylene blue (the therapy) are in fact remarkably similar and additive in some of their effects on erythrocytes. Methylene blue was reported to have been administered as an antidote in the USA 149 times in 2013 (116 in patients over 20 years old) by US poison centers [2]. Methylene Blue Injection contains water for injections, Sodium hydroxide and/or hydrochloric acid may be used for pH adjustment. Methylene Blue is used primarily as antidote for cyanide and carbon monoxide poisoning. Both potassium cyanide and carbon monoxide poisoning have been treated using methylene blue as an antidote. Brooks, M. M. Methylene blue as antidote for cyanide and carbon monoxide poisoning. Home Toxicology Library Antidote Methylene Blue is the treatment of choice for symptomatic drug-induced methaemoglobinaemia (signs of hypoxia with chest pain, dyspnoea or confusion) or consider in asymptomatic patients with methaemoglobin (MetHb) levels >20%. Methylene blue is the drug of choice to treat drug induced methemoglobinemia dosed at 1 mg/kg intravenously and repeated if needed. Got bit by a rattlesnake or eat a poisonous mushroom and looking for an antidote? Methylene blue is used primarily in the treatment of patients with methemoglobinemia. Following screen shot is from Dr Jagdish Kakadiya from Bhavnagar Gujarat India who along with Dr Deepak Golwalkar had given the presentation on . The similarity between poison and antidote was known to the ancient Greeks who used the same word, pharmakon, for both. Methylene Blue: Miracle Antidote for Poisonings and Overdoses. The reagents may be used in a variety of ways to suit the convenience of the laboratory. 43-45 The mechanism by which ifosfamide causes encephalopathy is unknown, as is the mechanism by which methylene blue may work to treat/prevent the encephalopathy. METHYLENE BLUE (METH uh leen bloo) is used to treat methemoglobinemia. As an antiseptic, disinfectant, and cyanide-antidote used in Humans for more than 100years since invented. Other purposes methylene blue antidote ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions the first drug. Used in a dose of 1-2 mg/kg of methylene blue ) which needs be... 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