Firstly he was ready to adopt innovative techniques first used by others, such as his use of compressed-air caissons and hollow cast-iron piers, and secondly he was a pioneer in his insistence on basing all engineering decisions on thorough calculation of the forces involved, combining this analytical approach with an insistence on a high standard of accuracy in drawing and manufacture. Although the family always used the name Eiffel, Gustave's name was registered at birth as Bonickhausen dit Eiffel,[1] and was not formally changed to Eiffel until 1880.[2][5]. Provenance Gustave Eiffel (1832-1923), Puis par descendance sa fille Valentine Eiffel (1870-1966), Puis par descendance jusqu’au propriétaire actuel. Valentine (1870-1966) a eu deux enfants, Marcel et Jean. Fondé en 2008, l’Association des Amis de Gustave Eiffel a pour but de faire vivre la mémoire de Gustave Eiffel. Choose from thousands of Alexandre Gustave Eiffel artworks. The design of the Eiffel Tower was originated by Maurice Koechlin and Emile Nouguier, who had discussed ideas for a centrepiece for the 1889 Exposition Universelle. Mais son travail ne se limite pas au monument parisien, il est aussi lʹauteur de la structure interne de la statue de la Liberté et à lʹorigine de nombreux ponts et viaducs. This was less than a quarter of the estimated cost of six and a half million francs. Wife: Since the lifts were not yet in operation, the ascent was made by foot, and took over an hour, Eiffel frequently stopping to make explanations of various features. His researches, published in 1907 and 1911, on the resistance of the air in connection with aviation, are especially valuable. [20] To assist him in the work he took on several people who were to play important roles in the design and construction of the Eiffel Tower, including Maurice Koechlin, a young graduate of the Zurich Polytechnikum, who was engaged to undertake calculations and make drawings, and Émile Nouguier, who had previously worked for Eiffel on the construction of the Douro bridge. A graduate from ‘École Centrale des Arts et Manufactures’ in Paris, he joined a company that specialised in construction of railway bridges. Légion d'Honneur : Parrain demandéet qui accepte = Père nourricier These used a small number of standard components, all small enough to be readily transportable in areas with poor or non-existent roads, and were joined together using bolts rather than rivets, reducing the need for skilled labour on site. At the time of Gustave's birth his father, an ex-soldier, was working as an administrator for the French Army; but shortly after his birth his mother expanded a charcoal business she had inherited from her parents to include a coal-distribution business, and soon afterwards his father gave up his job to assist her. The family adopted the name Eiffel as a reference to the Eifelmountains in the region from which they had come. Valentine EIFFEL, fille de Gustave EIFFEL et Genviève Émilie« Marguerite » GAUDELET, naquit le 25 février 1870 à Levallois-Peret, 92, Paris, Île-de-France, F, et morte le 9 juin 1966 à Paris, 75, Seine, Île-de-France, F, à l’âge de 96 ans. Gustave Eiffel. The enhanced idea gained Eiffel's support for the project, and he bought the rights to the patent on the design which Koechlin, Nougier and Sauvestre had taken out. They have given engineers the data for designing and constructing flying machines upon sound, scientific principles. [7] The family adopted the name Eiffel as a reference to the Eifel mountains in the region from which they had come. Yet more than just a one-tower genius, the master of metal architecture was really a man of many bridges. Alexandre Gustave Eiffel, né Bönickhausen1 le 15 décembre 1832 à Dijon et mort le 27 décembre 1923 à Paris, est un ingénieur, un industriel français ayant notamment participé à la construction de la statue de la Liberté à New York et de la tour Eiffel à Paris. The entire statue was erected at the Eiffel works in Paris before being dismantled and shipped to the United States.[22]. Eiffel died on 27 December 1923, while listening to Beethoven's 5th symphony andante, in his mansion on Rue Rabelais in Paris, France. He was buried in the family tomb in Levallois-Perret Cemetery. After discussing the technical problems and emphasising the practical uses of the tower, he finished his talk by saying that the tower would symbolise[24].mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}, "not only the art of the modern engineer, but also the century of Industry and Science in which we are living, and for which the way was prepared by the great scientific movement of the eighteenth century and by the Revolution of 1789, to which this monument will be built as an expression of France's gratitude.". Eiffel went on to attend the Collège Sainte-Barbe in Paris, to prepare for the difficult entrance exams set by engineering colleges in France, and qualified for entry to two of the most prestigious schools – École polytechnique and École Centrale des Arts et Manufactures – and ultimately entered the latter. Try this experiment: Ask people you know, “Who designed the Eiffel … Due to his mother's business commitments, Gustave spent his childhood living with his grandmother, but nevertheless remained close to his mother, who was to remain an influential figure until her death in 1878. Alexandre Gustave Eiffel fondly called ‘the magician of iron’ was a French master engineer and architect. Nos partenaires. This was the most important building in a complex designed by Charles Garnier, later among the most prominent critics of the Tower. [9] On-site work began in January 1876 and was complete by the end of October 1877: the bridge was ceremonially opened by King Luís I and Queen Maria Pia, after whom the bridge was named, on 4 November. Gustave Eiffel was a French engineer who designed and oversaw construction of the Eiffel Tower. The business was successful enough for Catherine Eiffel to sell it in 1843 and retire on the proceeds. A number of different types were produced, ranging from footbridges to standard-gauge railway bridges. [37] Eiffel's interest in these areas was a consequence of the problems he had encountered with the effects of wind forces on the structures he had built. A budget for the Exposition was passed and on 1 May Lockroy announced an alteration to the terms of the open competition which was being held for a centerpiece for the exposition, which effectively made the choice of Eiffel's design a foregone conclusion: all entries had to include a study for a 300 m (980 ft) four-sided metal tower on the Champ de Mars. Eiffel was initially given the responsibility of assembling the metalwork and eventually took over the management of the entire project from Nepveu, who resigned in March 1860.[13]. His work had also gained the attention of several people who were later to give him work, including Stanislas de la Roche Toulay, who had prepared the design for the metalwork of the Bordeaux bridge, Jean Baptiste Krantz and Wilhelm Nordling. After his retirement from the Compagnie des Etablissements Eiffel, Eiffel went on to do important work in meteorology and aerodynamics. Sa grande Dame de fer fête ses 130 ans cette année, mais c'est un héritage beaucoup plus vaste et méconnu que nous laisse Gustave Eiffel. Eiffel established that the lift produced by an airfoil was the result of a reduction of air pressure above the wing rather than an increase of pressure acting on the under surface. In his speech at the presentation of the medal, Alexander Graham Bell said:[39], ...his writings upon the resistance of the air have already become classical. Just as work began at the Champ de Mars, the "Committee of Three Hundred" (one member for each metre of the tower's height) was formed, led by Charles Garnier and including some of the most important figures of the French arts establishment, including Adolphe Bouguereau, Guy de Maupassant, Charles Gounod and Jules Massenet: a petition was sent to Jean-Charles Adolphe Alphand, the Minister of Works, and was published by Le Temps. The price quoted by Eiffel was FF.965,000, far below the nearest competitor and so he was given the job, although since his company was less experienced than his rivals the Portuguese authorities appointed a committee to report on Eiffel et Cie's suitability. Each of these slabs supported a limestone block, each with an inclined top to bear the supporting shoe for the ironwork. Signature modifier Gustave Eiffel , né Bonickhausen dit Eiffel le 15 décembre 1832 à Dijon et mort le 27 décembre 1923 à Paris , est un ingénieur centralien et un industriel français , qui a notamment participé à la construction de la tour Eiffel à Paris , du viaduc de Garabit et de la statue de la Liberté à New York . The French Panama Canal Company, headed by Ferdinand de Lesseps, had been attempting to build a sea-level canal, but came to the realization that this was impractical. Sauvestre added the decorative arches to the base, a glass pavilion to the first level and the cupola at the top. Standing at nearly 1,000 feet tall, the Eiffel Tower would outsize the Washington Monument, which at 555 feet was the tallest landmark in the world at the time. Little happened until the beginning of 1886, but with the re-election of Jules Grévy as President and his appointment of Edouard Lockroy as Minister for Trade decisions began to be made. As well as exhibiting models and drawings of work undertaken by the company, Eiffel was also responsible for the construction of several of the exhibition buildings. [34] The later American-built canal used new lock designs (see History of the Panama Canal). The components, some already riveted together into sub-assemblies, were first bolted together, the bolts being replaced by rivets as construction progressed. Alexandre Gustave Eiffel is his full name. 905 J’aime. Sister of Laure Jeanne Eiffel; Edouard Eiffel; Valentine Eiffel and Albert Eiffel. Gustave Eiffel married Marguerite Gaudelet in 1862 at the age of 30, in Dijon. At the end of 1866 Eiffel managed to borrow enough money to set up his own workshops at 48 Rue Fouquet in Levallois-Perret. Wife of Jean Adolphe Salles. Both men spent a lot of time with the young Eiffel, teaching him about everything from chemistry and mining to theology and philosophy. At the same time he was employed by Jean-Baptiste Kranz to assist him in the design of the exhibition hall for the Exposition Universelle which was to be held in 1867. [16] The station in Budapest was an innovative design. Eiffel's principal job was to draw up the arch girders of the Galerie des Machines. Mother of Jean Piccioni and Marcel Piccioni This was greater than the longest arch span which had been built at the time. In 1875, Eiffel et Cie were given two important contracts, one for a new terminus for the line from Vienna to Budapest and the other for a bridge over the river Douro in Portugal. Tu le connais pour sa fameuse Tour Eiffel, symbole de la ville de Paris, mais Eiffel was to receive all income from the commercial exploitation during the exhibition and for the following twenty years. Geni requires JavaScript! Elle a épousé Camille PICCIONI le 31 janvier 1890 à Paris, 75, Seine, Île-de-France, F,. The wind tunnel was used to investigate the characteristics of the airfoil sections used by the early pioneers of aviation such as the Wright Brothers, Gabriel Voisin and Louis Blériot. Those for the east and south legs were straightforward, each leg resting on four 2 m (6.6 ft) concrete slabs, one for each of the principal girders of each leg but the other two, being closer to the river Seine were more complicated: each slab needed two piles installed by using compressed-air caissons 15 m (49 ft) long and 6 m (20 ft) in diameter driven to a depth of 22 m (72 ft)[27] to support the concrete slabs, which were 6 m (20 ft) thick. Ingénieur de formation, Eiffel a fondé puis développé son entreprise spécialisée dans les charpentes métalliques, dont la tour Eiffel marque le couronnement, avant de dédier les trente dernières années de sa vie à … Gustave Eiffel's career was a result of the Industrial Revolution. Genealogy profile for Valentine Eugénie Eiffel Valentine Eugénie Jeanne Alexandrine Eiffel (1870 - 1966) - Genealogy Genealogy for Valentine Eugénie Jeanne Alexandrine Eiffel (1870 - 1966) family tree on Geni, with over 200 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. In 1886 Eiffel also designed the dome for the Astronomical Observatory in Nice. Work on the foundations started on 28 January 1887. [43], Alexandre Gustave Bonickhausen dit Eiffel, État-civil de la Côte-d'Or, Dijon, Registres d'état civil 1832, p. 249, Charles Braibant, Histoire de la Tour Eiffel, Paris 1964, p. 35, "The Death of a Great Pioneer: Gustav Eiffel Passes Away", "Future of Poland's one and only "Eiffel" Bridge unclear", "Page d'accueil | Association des descendants de Gustave Eiffel", Retour à la liste des extraits des bulletins de l'ADGE, Official website of the Association of the Descendants of Gustave Eiffel (in English), Gustave Eiffel: The Man Behind the Masterpiece, Einsturz der Birsbrücke bei Münchenstein (Basel), Statue of Liberty play (American football), Conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gustave_Eiffel&oldid=991058658, Pages using infobox person with unknown parameters, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Léonore identifiers, Wikipedia articles with RKDartists identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Synagogue in Rue de Pasarelles, Paris (1867), Aérodynamique EIFFEL (wind tunnel), Paris (Auteuil), France (1911), Clock Tower, Monte Cristi, Dominican Republic, The Railway Bridge over the Coura river in. The design was exhibited at the Exhibition of Decorative Arts in the autumn of 1884, and on 30 March 1885 Eiffel read a paper on the project to the Société des Ingénieurs Civils. An important part in his education was played by his uncle, Jean-Baptiste Mollerat, who had invented a process for distilling vinegar and had a large chemical works near Dijon, and one of his uncle's friends, the chemist Michel Perret. Association des Amis de Gustave Eiffel, Paris. The same year Eiffel started work on a system of standardised prefabricated bridges, an idea that was the result of a conversation with the governor of Cochin-China. Gustave Eiffel's design was tremendously ambitious. On 9 February 1893 Eiffel was found guilty on the charge of misuse of funds, and was fined 20,000 francs and sentenced to two years in prison,[33] although he was acquitted on appeal. For a variety of economic and political reasons, this had been slow to make an impact in France,[40] and Eiffel had the good fortune to be working at a time of rapid industrial development in France. Gustave eiffel par Mathieu Ferret - Guillaume Biasse aux éditions Quelle histoire. Eiffel devised a structure consisting of a four legged pylon to support the copper sheeting which made up the body of the statue. Here it was possible to build a larger wind tunnel, and Eiffel began to make tests using scale models of aircraft designs. Eiffel’s Other Masterpieces. Further promotion within the company followed, but the business began to decline, and in 1865 Eiffel, seeing no future there, resigned and set up as an independent consulting engineer. The usual pattern for building a railway terminus was to conceal the metal structure behind an elaborate facade: Eiffel's design for Budapest used the metal structure as the centerpiece of the building, flanked on either side by conventional stone and brick-clad structures housing administrative offices. He is best known for the world-famous Eiffel Tower, built for the 1889 Universal Exposition in Paris, and his contribution to building the Statue of Liberty in New York. Death: December 30, 1934 (71) Paris, Paris, Île-de-France, France. Gustave Eiffel (1832-1923) a eu cinq enfants : Claire, Laure, Edouard, Valentine et Albert. After a few months working as an unpaid assistant to his brother-in-law, who managed a foundry, Eiffel approached the railway engineer Charles Nepveu, who gave Eiffel his first paid job as his private secretary. * Gustave Eiffel (1832-1923) a eu cinq enfants : Claire, Laure, Edouard, Valentine et Albert. They led, in 2010, to the decision to list Eiffel's Bordeaux bridge as a French Historical Monument. Between 1892 and 1891 he compiled a complete set of meteorological readings, and later extended his record-taking to include measurements from 25 different locations across France. Alexandre Gustave Eiffel was born in France, in the Côte-d'Or, the first child of Catherine-Mélanie (née Moneuse) and Alexandre Bonickhausen dit Eiffel. This had been patented by Eiffel in 1881. Immediate Family: Daughter of Gustave Eiffel and Marguerite Gaudelet. Immediate Family: Son of Gustave Eiffel and Marguerite Gaudelet. You can see in these pictures the Eiffel Tower built by the villagers on the edge of château PICCIONI, when Gustave Eiffel came to his daughter Valentine's house.. At 2.35 Eiffel hoisted a large tricolour, to the accompaniment of a 25-gun salute fired from the lower level.[30]. Les descendants de Valentine, fille de Gustave Eiffel, vont mettre aux enchères à Paris le 18 avril l’unique reproduction du canon de la Tour Eiffel qui jusqu’en 1914 sonnait midi pile, a-t-on appris mardi auprès de la maison de ventes Christie’s. Gustave Eiffel. Eiffel's proposal was for a bridge whose deck was supported by five iron piers, with the abutments of the pair on the river bank also bearing a central supporting arch. He then built a laboratory on the Champ de Mars at the foot of the tower in 1905, building his first wind tunnel there in 1909. Gustave Eiffel, ancien élève de l'Ecole Centrale de Paris 1832-1923; Marie Gaudelet 1845-1877 Union(s) et enfant(s) ... Valentine Eiffel 1870-1965: Auteur de cet arbre : Jean Pierre de PALMAS . A graduate of the prestigious École Centrale des Arts et Manufactures of France, he made his name with various bridges for the French railway network, most famously the Garabit viaduct. Although no more than 250 men were employed on the site, a prodigious amount of exacting preparatory work was entailed: the drawing office produced 1,700 general drawings and 3,629 detail drawings of the 18,038 different parts needed. These shoes were anchored by bolts 10 cm (4 in) in diameter and 7.5 m (25 ft) long. Eiffel had meteorological measuring equipment placed on the tower in 1889, and also built a weather station at his house in Sèvres. Contacter . Some of Nepveu's businesses were then acquired by the Compagnie Belge de Matériels de Chemin de Fer: Nepveu was appointed the managing director of the two factories in Paris, and offered Eiffel a job as head of the research department. Although he was simply a contractor, he was charged along with the directors of the project with raising money under false pretenses and misappropriation of funds. The growth of the railway network had an immense effect on people's lives, but although the enormous number of bridges and other work undertaken by Eiffel were an important part of this, the two works that did most to make him famous are the Statue of Liberty and the Eiffel Tower, both projects of immense symbolic importance and today internationally recognized landmarks. [31] Eiffel had been working on the project for little more than a year when the company suspended payments of interest on 14 December 1888,[32] and shortly afterwards was put into liquidation. "[35] The company changed its name to La Société Constructions Levallois-Perret, with Maurice Koechlin as managing director. Elle décède hélas prématurément quinze ans plus tard. Eiffel's reputation was badly damaged when he was implicated in the financial and political scandal which followed. [19] This completes the purpose of the association which is to make Gustave Eiffel known to a wide audience. [18] One of these, a pavilion for the Paris Gas Company, was Eiffel's first collaboration with Stephen Sauvestre, who was later to become the head of the company's architectural office. The dome, with a diameter of 22.4 m (73 ft), was the largest in the world when built and used an ingenious bearing device: rather than running on wheels or rollers, it was supported by a ring-shaped hollow girder floating in a circular trough containing a solution of magnesium chloride in water. On 6 October 1868 he entered into partnership with Théophile Seyrig, like Eiffel a graduate of the École Centrale, forming the company Eiffel et Cie. The Exposition Universelle in 1878 firmly established his reputation as one of the leading engineers of the time. They had five children: Claire, born on 19 August 1863, Laure, Édouard, Valentine, and the youngest, Albert, born in August 1873. Mother of Robert Salles; Georges Adolphe Salles and Geneviève Salles. The members included Jean-Baptiste Krantz, Henri Dion and Léon Molinos, both of whom had known Eiffel for a long time: their report was favorable, and Eiffel got the job. The Tower is also important because of its role in establishing the aesthetic potential of structures whose appearance is largely dictated by practical considerations. Death: Mar 23 1933 - Bordeaux, Gironde, Aquitaine, France. [17] Eiffel was selected because of his experience with wind stresses. Ils avaient cinq enfants : Claire, née le 19 août 1863, Laure, Édouard, Valentine et le cadet, Albert, né en août 1873. Daughter of Gustave Eiffel and Marguerite Gaudelet Death: July 08, 1941 (67) Nice, Alpes-Maritimes, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France. After this brief pause erection of the metalwork continued, and the critical operation of linking the four legs was successfully completed by March 1888. [6] He was a descendant of Jean-René Bönickhausen, who had emigrated from the German town of Marmagen and settled in Paris at the beginning of the 18th century. He was a descendant of Jean-René Bönickhausen, who had emigrated from the German town of Marmagen and settled in Paris at the beginning of the 18th century. The plan was changed to one using locks, which Eiffel was contracted to design and build. Birthplace: Levallois-Perret, Hauts-de-Seine, Île-de-France, France. [12] However, shortly afterwards Nepveu's company went bankrupt, Nepveu found Eiffel a job designing a 22 m (72 ft) sheet iron bridge for the Saint Germaine railway. In 1857 Nepveu negotiated a contract to build a railway bridge over the river Garonne at Bordeaux, connecting the Paris-Bordeaux line to the lines running to Sète and Bayonne, which involved the construction of a 500 m (1,600 ft) iron girder bridge supported by six pairs of masonry piers on the river bed.
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